Political theorist Fukuyama presents nothing less than a unified theory of state formation, a comparative study of how tribally organized societies in various parts of the world and various moments in history have transformed into societies with political systems and institutions and, in some cases, political accountability.

Drawing upon a diverse range of sources—sociobiology and anthropology as well as macroeconomics and legal history—and paying particular attention to political development in Asia, Fukuyama describes a somewhat evolutionary mechanism wherein political systems develop in response to certain societal conditions and become institutionalized because of, among other things, their ability to adapt. Very much a continuation of his former teacher Samuel Huntington’s interest in political decay, this wide-ranging and frequently provocative work also carries the mantel of the great nineteenth-century sociologists, who addressed many of the same questions.

In this book, Fukuyama attempts to understand how humans moved from tribal and familial connections to organized institutions of states and governments. He writes, “In the developed world, we take the existence of government so much for granted that we sometimes forget how difficult it was to create”.

Fukuyama artfully navigates the transition of humans from hunter-gather bands to tribalized communities to states and organized forms of government. Fukuyama emphasizes China because the Qin Dynasty was the first “state” to gain victory over tribalism. He contrasts this with Europe, which did not overcome tribalism until 1000 years later, and had to progress through feudalism before creating citizens loyal to the state.

The Origins of Political Order is a broad, sweeping analysis of human development from pre-human times to the French Revolution. The book ends with the 18th century; a second volume will bring the story to the present day. Indeed, Fukuyama notes in the Preface, “It is extremely important to read this volume in anticipation of what is to come in the second. As I make clear in the final chapter of this book, political development in the modern world occurs under substantially different conditions from those in the period up until the late eighteenth century”.

In spite of Fukuyama’s readable style and engaging content, this book is academic and dense. Yet it serves as a helpful entry point into Fukuyama’s current thought and research. It will no doubt become required reading in institutions across the globe in the following months and years and eventually revered as a classic.

Related Books:

1. Architecture: Form, Space, and Order – Francis D. K. Ching
2. Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History (Princeton Studies in Muslim Politics) – Thomas Barfield
3. Building Construction Illustrated : By Francis D. Ching
4. The Political Brain: The Role of Emotion in Deciding the Fate of the Nation – Drew Westen
5. East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History : Patricia Buckley Ebrey, Anne Walthall, James Palais
6. American Progressivism: A Reader – By Ronald J. Pestritto
7. Policy Paradox: The Art of Political Decision Making, Revised Edition – Deborah Stone
8. A Journey: My Political Life – Tony Blair